Evaluation of mandarin peel as an alternative source of limonene: identification with GC-MS, FTIR and NMR studies

Toprakçı İ., Balci-Torun F., Deniz N. G., Ortaboy S., Torun M., Şahin S.

JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION, cilt.18, sa.2, ss.1422-1432, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 18 Sayı: 2
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11694-023-02236-5
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, CAB Abstracts, Compendex, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1422-1432
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Biowaste, Box-Behnken, Citrus essential oil, Green chemistry, Monoterpenes, SPME-GC-MS
  • Akdeniz Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

In this study, mandarin peel rich in limonene was the feedstock as citrus essential oil source. Box-Behnken design of Response Surface Method was used to optimize the solid mass, immersion time and washing time of the automatic solvent extraction for the maximum D-limonene yield. The proposed conditions as the optimum were calculated as 8.63 g mandarin peel, 8.5 min immersion time and 8 min washing time to achieve the greatest D-limonene yield (similar to 75 mg/g). The proposed conditions were reliable depending on the difference between the actual and predicted values (1.7%). With solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), 19 components were identified in the mandarin peel. D-limonene was the most abundant volatile compound (91.56%), whereas the other main volatile compounds were identifed as myrcene (4.93%), alpha-pinen (1.69%) and sabinene (0.85%) in the mandarin peel. Additionally, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H- and 13C-NMR) spectroscopies were also applied for the verification of GC-MS findings.